Sources:
Visioli, F., et al. Dietary intake of fish v. formulations leads to higher plasma concentrations of n-3 fatty acids. Lipids. 2003 Apr;38(4):415-8.
ORIGIN Trial Investigators, et al. n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with dysglycemia. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 26;367(4):309-18. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1203859
Brouwer, I.A., et al. Effect of fish oil on ventricular tachyarrhythmia and death in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: the Study on Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Ventricular Arrhythmia (SOFA) randomized trial. JAMA. 2006 Jun 14;295(22):2613-9. DOI: 10.1001/jama.295.22.2613
Burr, M.L., et al. Is fish oil good or bad for heart disease? Two trials with apparently conflicting results. J Membr Biol. 2005 Jul;206(2):155-63. DOI: 10.1007/s00232-005-0784-1
Freund-Levi, Y., et al. Omega-3 fatty acid treatment in 174 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: OmegaAD study: a randomized double-blind trial. Arch Neurol. 2006 Oct;63(10):1402-8. DOI: 10.1001/archneur.63.10.1402
Quinn, J.F., et al. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2010 Nov 3;304(17):1903-11. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.1510
Andrieu, S., et al. Effect of long-term omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation with or without multidomain intervention on cognitive function in elderly adults with memory complaints (MAPT): a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2017 May;16(5):377-389. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30040-6
Andreeva, V.A., et al. Cognitive function after supplementation with B vitamins and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids: ancillary findings from the SU.FOL.OM3 randomized trial. AM J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jul;94(1):278-86. DOI: 103945/ajcn.110.006320
Albert, B.B., et. al. Oxidation of Marine Omega-3 Supplements and Human Health. BioMed Research Intl. DOI: 10.1155/2013/464921
Jackowski, S.A., et al. Oxidation levels of North American over-the-counter n-3 (omega-3) supplements and the influence of supplement formulation and delivery form on evaluation oxidative safety. J Nutr Sci. 2014; 4: e30. DOI: 10.1017/jns.2015.21
Rundblad, A., et al. High-quality fish oil has a more favourable effect than oxidized fish oil on intermediate-density lipoprotein and LDL subclasses: a randomized controlled trial . J Nutr Sci. 2017 May;117(9):1291-1298. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114517001167
Wang, W., et al. Chemistry and biology of ω-3 PUFA peroxidation-derived compounds. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2017 Sep;132:84-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.12.004
Food Sources for Omega-3 Dietitians of Canada. https://www.dietitians.ca/Your-Health/Nutrition-A-Z/Fat/Food-Sources-of-Omega-3-Fats.aspx. Accessed November 2017.